Nuclear (SPECT, PET) is a well-known molecular but ionizing imaging technique that relies on the detection of photons emitted from isotopes alone or combined with chemical and biologically active substances (radiotracers) for bone tissue. No toxicity issues arise neither from the administered cold compound which, when radiolabeled, is found in trace amounts, nor from the radioisotope itself which can be detected even at a nano- or pico-molar level.

In SPECT systems, photons from the most common gamma (γ)-emitting radioisotopes pass through a collimator to the detector whereas in PET devices, two annihilation photons  emitted in opposite directions by positron (β+)-emitting isotopes are detected in time coincidence by a pair of detectors. This means that in SPECT, the spatial information between the point of emission and the point of detection is provided through the collimator (by excluding photons traveling in non-linear directions), whereas in PET the spatial information of the emission point is provided through a time window of simultaneous detection (no photons from the recorded event are excluded).

Thus, PET provides higher sensitivity associated with the region of interest than SPECT and lower acquisition times. On the other hand, a unique characteristic of the SPECT imaging system is that it can acquire data using multiple energy windows at the same time, enabling the co-injection of tracers labeled with different radioisotopes for simultaneous detection of several processes.

PET imaging, in contrast to SPECT, allows absolute quantification of tracer bone uptake and relative osteoblastic activity via the use of dynamic PET compartmental analysis.

In relation to cost-effectiveness, PET instrumentation is much more expensive than SPECT as, apart from a radiochemistry laboratory for the development of the PET radiopharmaceutical, a cyclotron is needed for isotope production, which raises the overall cost even further, especially when the study lasts several weeks.

Feel free to share your research work on related topics in Journal of Orthopedic Oncology which offers information in all aspects of primary, malignant tumors. Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, and soft tissue sarcomas etc., it also deals with diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, clinical, laboratory research and reconstructive techniques.

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Stella

Editorial Team

Journal of Orthopedic Oncology

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